This is from Allan Powell, professor emeritus of philosophy at Hagerstown Community College:
Just before the Civil War, a political movement emerged and then quickly dissipated. This unusual and interesting party then splintered and many of its members joined the newly forming Republican Party.
Charles and Mary Beard, two seasoned historians, describe this political aggregate as a “cabal,” or secretive group of plotters. “The Know- Nothing, or American Party, sprung up in the current opposition to foreigners, the papacy, infidelity and socialism. Combining the functions of a party and a fraternal order, it nominated candidates for office and adopted secret rites, dark mysteries, grips and passwords which gave it an atmosphere of uncertain vitality. Members were admitted by solemn ceremony into full membership with the ‘Supreme Order of the Star-Spangled Banner,’ whose ‘daily horror and nightly specter was the pope.’ When asked about their principles, they replied mysteriously, ‘I know nothing.’”
More on the Know-Nothing (or American) Party can be found here:
The Know Nothing movement was a nativist American political movement of the 1840s and 1850s. It was empowered by popular fears that the country was being overwhelmed by German and Irish Catholic immigrants, who were often regarded as hostile to U.S. values and controlled by the Pope in Rome. Mainly active from 1854 to 1856, it strove to curb immigration and naturalization, though its efforts met with little success. There were few prominent leaders, and the largely middle-class and entirely Protestant membership fragmented over the issue of slavery. Most ended up joining the Republican Party by the time of the 1860 presidential election.[1][2]
The movement originated in New York in 1843 as the American Republican Party. It spread to other states as the Native American Party and became a national party in 1845. In 1855 it renamed itself the American Party.[3] The origin of the “Know Nothing” term was in the semi-secret organization of the party. When a member was asked about its activities, he was supposed to reply, “I know nothing."[4]
Your history lesson for the day is complete.